CHAPTER 10b - INSECTS

1. INSECT PESTS OF CANOLA
   • Insect Management
   • Field Scouting
   • Alfalfa Looper (Autographa californica Speyer)
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae L. and other species)
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Beet Webworm (Loxostege sticticalis L.)
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Bertha Armyworm (Mamestra configurata Wlk.)
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Cabbage Seedpod Weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) )
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Cabbageworms (Pieris species)
   • Clover Cutworms (Dicestra trifolii (Hufnagel) )
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Cutworms - Red-backed (Euxoa ochrogaster Guen), Pale Western (Agrotis orthogonia Morr.)
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.)
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.))
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Lygus Bugs (Several Species)
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Painted Lady, Thistle Butterfly (Vanessa cardui (L.) )
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Management
   • Red Turnip Beetle (Entomoscelis americana Brown)
     • Life Cycle and Appearance
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Economic Threshold
     • Management
   • Root Maggots (Delia species)
     • Identification and Life Cycle
     • Damage
     • Monitoring
     • Management
   • Insecticides for Control of Canola Insects
     • Safety
     • Beneficial Insects
2. LIST OF FIGURES
   • Figure 1. Scouting for Uniformly Distributed Pest
   • Figure 2. Scouting for Pests at Field Edges
   • Figure 3. Alfalfa Looper Life Cycle
   • Figure 4. Alfalfa Looper Larva
   • Figure 5. Aphids
   • Figure 6. Aphid Infestation on a Canola Plant
   • Figure 7. Beet Webworm Life Cycle
   • Figure 8. Beet Webworm Larva
   • Figure 9. Bertha Armyworm Life Cycle
   • Figure 10. Bertha Armyworm
   • Figure 11. Bertha Armyworm Eggs
   • Figure 12. Newly Hatched Bertha Armyworm Larvae
   • Figure 13. Mature Bertha Armyworm Larvae
   • Figure 14. Bertha Armyworm Pupae
   • Figure 15. Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Life Cycle
   • Figure 16. Cabbage Seedpod Weevil
   • Figure 17. Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Larva
   • Figure 18. Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Exit Holes on Canola Pods
   • Figure 19. Imported Cabbageworm Larva
   • Figure 20. Clover Cutworm Life Cycle
   • Figure 21. Clover Cutworm Larva
   • Figure 22. Cutworm Life Cycle
   • Figure 23. Redbacked Cutworms
   • Figure 24. Diamondback Moth Life Cycle
   • Figure 25. Diamondback Moth
   • Figure 26. Diamondback Moth Larva
   • Figure 27. Diamondback Moth Pupa
   • Figure 28. Flea Beetle Life Cycle
   • Figure 29. Crucifer Flea Beetle
   • Figure 30. Striped Flea Beetle
   • Figure 31. Lygus Bug Life Cycle
   • Figure 32. Adult Lygus Bug
   • Figure 33. Lygus Bug Nymph
   • Figure 34. Puncture Points from Lygus Bug Feeding on Canola Stem
   • Figure 35. Sequential Sampling for Lygus Bug at Late Flowering Stage
   • Figure 36. Thistle Caterpillar
   • Figure 37. Red Turnip Beetle Life Cycle
   • Figure 38. Red Turnip Beetle
   • Figure 39. Cabbage Root Maggot Life Cycle
   • Figure 40. Cabbage Root Maggot Adult
   • Figure 41. Cabbage Root Maggot
   • Figure 42. Cabbage Root Maggot Damage
   • Figure 43. Ladybird Beetle
   • Figure 44. Ladybird Beetle Larva
   • Figure 45. Hover Fly
   • Figure 46. Lacewing Adult
   • Figure 47. Lacewing Larva
   • Figure 48. Parasitic Wasp
   • Figure 49. Honey Bee
3. LIST OF TABLES
   • Table 1. Major Insect Pests of Canola
   • Table 2. Economic Injury Levels for Bertha Armyworm in B. napus
   • Table 3. Lygus Bug Economic Threshold